Jaime Aime Marcet in La Gaceta Mercantil. A famous bookseller with a tragic end (1825 – 1828)



Alejandro E. Parada

(Montevideo, 1955).


Doctor from the University of Buenos Aires (Area: Library Science and Documentation).


He was a regular adjunct professor of the subject: “History of Books and Libraries” (University of Buenos Aires. Faculty of Philosophy and Letters. Department of Library and Information Science) (2009-2022)


Former director of the Jorge Luis Borges Library of the Argentine Academy of Letters (1990-2022).


He worked as a researcher at the Library Research Institute of the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters (INIBI-FFyL-UBA).


Former Editorial Secretary of the magazine Information, Culture and Society (UBA-FFyL-INIBI) (1999-2022).


Member of the Editorial Board of several national and international magazines.


He has published, among more than a hundred contributions in journals specialized in Library and Information Science, the following books:


The world of books and reading during the time of Rivadavia (University of Buenos Aires-UBA, 1998),

From the private library to the public library (UBA, 2002),

Cervantes bibliography edited in Argentina (Academia Argentina de Letras, 2005),

Order and memory in the Duportail Hermanos Bookstore: a Buenos Aires catalog from 1829 (UBA, 2005),

When readers whisper to us (UBA, 2007),

Books at the time of the Literary Salon (Argentine Academy of Letters, 2008),

The origins of the Buenos Aires Public Library (UBA, 2009),

Martín Fierro in Azul: catalog of the martinfierrista collection of Bartolomé J. Ronco (Argentine Academy of Letters, 2012),

The dédalo and its ball: essays on the pulsating printed culture in Argentina (UBA, 2012).

Crossings and perspectives of written culture in Argentina, dir. (UBA, 2013).

A controversy with history: the Juarroz-Sabor debate on Library Science and Documentation, coord. (UBA, 2018).

Reading and counter-reading in the History of Reading (Eduvim, 2019).

Under the sign of Librarianship (Eduvim, 2023).


Collaborator in the collective work “New History of the Argentine Nation” (National Academy of History), with the chapter The book and its areas (2003).


By Alejandro E. Parada *


The story of bookseller Jaime Marcet is worthy of being made into a film. Perhaps we would say that it would become one of the most followed series on some of the audiovisual platforms that seduce us today and, in a certain sense, dominate almost in a diabolical way.


His life follows the trajectory of an undisputed celebrity: a Spanish emigrant apparently of few resources, dependent on the bookstore of Pedro Osandavaras (also mentioned as Osandivaras), seducer of his sister Jacoba whom he would marry shortly after, bookseller with two stores , a frequenter of the social elite sectors of the time, a friend of parties, carousing, night outings, abundant drinking and, above all, a fearsome gambler, irrepressible commercial entrepreneur and unparalleled creator in the dissemination of his store-bookstore businesses until he became in the most relevant bookseller of that time.


He was the main ideologue of the murder of Francisco Álvarez, one of his companions on the outings – supported by Francisco Álzaga (perhaps also with a more active participation than initially thought and for various reasons) and Juan Pablo Arriaga – possibly due to money and almost unpayable debts. He thus animated the most famous crime of that time and, as a final touch, he was executed by firing squad in the Plaza de la Victoria to educate future criminals.


The legal and criminal bibliography on the final events of Marcet and his followers is extensive and well-known. Both the arrest of the perpetrators, the details of the murder of the victim, the hiding of the body in the waterwheel of a villa in Álzaga, as well as the investigations by the authorities and the trial that sentenced them to death, are well illustrated for those who want to delve into these aspects in different sources (La Gaceta Mercantil, 1823-1828; Agrelo, 1828; Laplaza, 1950; Sáenz, 1971; Buonocore, 1974: 53; The British Packet, 1976; Marre, 2003: 166, note 90; Méndez Avellaneda, 2003; In addition, it has been the subject of a well-known novel by the feuilletinist Eduardo Gutiérrez printed at the end of the 19th century, within the famous series of this author titled "The Great Crimes" (Gutiérrez, 1896).


However, given the importance of this interesting bookseller, we will leave aside the judicial, detective and police plot of this drama with lurid tones, and we will only focus – to the relief of current booksellers – on the management of their bookstores and their commercial uses and practices that led him to become one of the most important booksellers from 1825 to 1827, and that are reflected in the advertisements of La Gaceta Mercantil, the most important commercial newspaper of the time [1].


Origins with a certain modesty and humility


Jaime Marcet was a native of Manresa (Province of Barcelona). He possibly arrived at the port of Buenos Aires in the early years of the 1820s (Parada, 1998; Méndez Avellaneda 2003). Although we do not know the reason for his departure from the Catalan city, he undoubtedly lacked abundant financial means and it is not unreasonable to think that he was throwing his luck at all or nothing (in reality that is what happened as his dramatic end testifies) in this promising border of South America.


His limited resources are corroborated by the fact that, very shortly afterwards, Pedro Osandavaras hires him as a simple clerk in his bookstore. But the young man easily wins his sympathy and the new boss, together with his sister Jacoba, incorporates him into family life, giving him a roof and food in his own house that was on the upper floors of the bookstore located, although with a changing address, in current Alsina and Bolívar. But this 'fraternal' commercial and almost filial bond would not last long, since Osandavaras would die at the end of 1824. In his fictional version Eduardo Gutiérrez suggests that Marcet's participation in the bookseller's possible crime (perhaps poisoning) should not be ruled out. ), "with all the rules of the art" (Gutiérrez, 1896: 46), a situation that arose with the murder of Álvarez in July 1828 and which turned out to be impossible to prove given the lack of any type of evidence but which remained as 'floating in the air'.


However, being a dependent perhaps with false devotion to his employer and that the owner had an older sister usually opens up unexpected and valued opportunities for ambitious personalities with few social scruples. Certainly, Marcet did not waste this crossroads of his destiny. Shortly, he married Jacoba, who owned a considerable estate and was related to the Ezcurra family. As a result of those fortunate nuptials, he not only made significant money, but also became his own boss: from now on he was the owner of the bookstore. Therefore, faced with such an enterprising man, there would be no shortage of initiatives around the book trade that would not take long to arrive.


Before commenting on his new book activities as owner, it is appropriate to stop at an aspect of great interest that Marcet developed in his early days as an employee of Osandavaras and that demonstrates his commercial strength and, in addition, his knowledge of the subject.


As a novelty at the Osandavaras establishment, when he was still a clerk, Marcet opened a "reading subscription", which allowed, through a subscription, that the books, as Gutiérrez maintains, "came and came to the bookstore very quickly." . In this way, the store became a reading and meeting center for the conversation of various topics related to the themes of the works and, by virtuous extension, generated a surplus of profits (Gutiérrez, 1896: 32-33).


Book subscription was not an action devised by Marcet. He possibly already knew it in Europe and, on the other hand, in Buenos Aires, since 1815, there was the British Subscription Library founded by the members of the British Commercial Chamber and it functioned as a circulating library (Hanon, 2005: 30). Furthermore, both subscription and circulating libraries as well as reading cabinets linked to bookstores would have an important development in the 1820s and 1830s, such as those of Enrique Hervé, Duportail Hermanos and Marcos Sastre.



From the point of view of the History of Libraries and the History of Reading, these 'rented reading' facilities competed, in a certain way, with the possibility of reading for free in the Public Library of Buenos Aires. And as many researchers have pointed out for other countries, they were able to delay the development of public reading (Shera, 1965: 128).


What is truly significant about Marcet lies in his early and almost pioneering vision of the book trade, when he implemented one of the first printed subscriptions in the Buenos Aires plaza related to a bookstore.


The haberdashery-bookstores of D. Jaime Marcet: the “feats” of a bookseller precursor


At the beginning of 1825 Marcet is already mentioned in the Political and Commerce Almanac of the city of Buenos Ayres for the year 1826 with two stores located on Potosí Street no. 28 and no. 61 (Blondel, 1826: 125 and 175).


His activity as a bookseller developed from March 1825 to May 1827 during much of the presidency of Bernardino Rivadavia and the War with Brazil (1825-1828). In May 1825 he informed the public that he “has moved one door further along, following San Francisco Calle de Potosí no. 28» (GM, no. 464, 9.05.25) of which with that of Potosí no. 61 would not move until the beginning of May 1827 when he sold both premises to Antonio Gómez de Castro and his former dependent Joaquín Viñals (GM, no. 1046, 9.05.27).


From a commercial point of view, they were not exclusively bookstores (a very common characteristic in that period), as they also acted as haberdasheries, where the book sector acquired special attention from Marcet.


His activity as a bookseller stood out compared to that carried out by his colleagues not so much because of the importance of the works he offered to the public or because of their variety - several places of sale disseminated, in general terms, the same books - but because he stood out for the eagerness to make your business known through active and vigorous advertising. If we stick exclusively to the advertisements that he published in La Gaceta Mercantil and compare it with other bookstores, he highlights by a wide margin the modern criteria of his commercial strategy, as demonstrated by the following table:



From the analysis of the previous table it is possible to infer that during the period 1825-1827, Jaime Marcet was probably the main bookseller, both due to the importance of his advertising activity and the number of books, newspapers and minor printed matter offered for sale. 


Its activity in La Gaceta Mercantil includes 77 advertisements and 172 titles that represent approximately three quarters of the total advertisements published by all bookstores and almost 60% of the books offered for sale. The book trade developed jointly by Marcet and Larrea Hermanos (Independencia bookstore) amounts to 94%, while the activity of the remaining bookstores – Ereiza, Laty, Duportail Hermanos, MinvielIe and Riesco – is significantly lower.


We are, therefore, probably before the first bookseller who took care to give true mobility to all the bibliographic materials that circulated in his two stores. Furthermore, we are dealing with a merchant who understood that the book also had a profound economic dimension and that it moved in the market as another commodity.


Although they were not stores selling books exclusively, both stores operated, in fact, as first-class bookstores, as demonstrated by a detailed study of their activities: the sale of books, printed matter, newspapers, almanacs and special materials. , as well as the organization of subscriptions and raffles of interesting works.


By analyzing some of the notices that Marcet published in the pages of La Gaceta Mercantil, it is possible to list a selection of the most significant titles. In September 1826 he gave the printing press an announcement of real interest, which highlights, among other works, an important assortment of law books:


«In the Marcet bookstore known by the name of the late Osandavaras, there are for sale the following works that have recently come from Montevideo [:]


Very New Compilation.

Jurisdiction Laws.

Impartial Trial.

Gómez: several resolutions.

Cobarrubias: War resources.

Ordinances of Bilbao.

Count of the Cañada.

Van Spen.

Jurisprudence Essay.

Vinnus: Castigatus by Salas.

Caballaris: institucionis Juris Canonici

Salgado: from Creditorum labyrinth.

Regia ID protect.

Murillo: Jus Canonici» (GM, no. 855, 09/13/26).



Another illustrative example is a notice from the end of 1825, in which historical titles take precedence:


«In the bookstore of Mr. Jaime Marcet [...] the following works are sold, recently translated from French.


History of Napoleon, and the large Army, during the year 1812 by General Count de Segur.

Considerations on the causes of the greatness of the Romans, and their decline; by Montesquieu.

Compendium of ancient history, and particularly Greek history.

Compendium of the lives of ancient philosophers; by Fenelon.

Pharmacy Elements; by Francisco Carbonell.

Commentary on the Science of Legislation, by M. B. Constant

Compendium of Roman History» (GM, no. 647, 12.29.25).



These two advertisements are very important because they exemplify another of Jaime Marcet's innovative interests: the offering of lots of books specialized in a subject, in this case, Law and History. Furthermore, it is eloquent proof of the value of advertisements to understand reading interests in the mid-twenties in 19th century Buenos Aires. Because if the skilled bookseller-merchant Marcet offered books grouped by theme for sale, it is because there was an audience interested in buying them and, what is fundamental, in reading them and incorporating them into his private libraries. In this specific case 'an advertisement' is transformed into a first-hand document to reconstruct the circulation of the book, the readings sought and the formation of personal libraries.


But Marcet was interested in the variety of the public as a whole. Specifically that was his greatest merchant virtue. He knew that there were readers avid for new publishing in Europe and eager to know about fashions and trends in books. Buenos Aires, after the May Revolution, and in line with what was happening worldwide since the mid-18th century following the Enlightenment, was changing its reading practices (for example, it was relegating itself to a second and third plane, religious books) and, consequently, the thematic variations in the works in demand increased significantly.


This is clearly observed in a set of titles offered, at different times, by Marcet:


«Dictionaries of the Spanish language, by the [R]eal Academia de

Madrid, VII edition» (GM, no. 424, 03.18.25 and no. 427, 03.22.25);


«English grammars and practical treatises of the same language... by Guillermo Casey» (GM, no. 764, 05.22.26);


«... The Devil of the Island of Saint Helena, which contains everything Napoleon said and did in the space of eighteen months, by the Count of Las Casas...» (GM, no. 445, 04.16.25) ;


«... Quarterly newspaper, entitled Varieties, Id. Universal Museum, Catechism of chemistry, Id. of geography, Description of the World, Gymnastics of the Beautiful Sex...» (GM, no. 453, 04.22.25) ;


«a Castilian Grammar, methodized according to the latest editions and finally includes a small treatise on Shorthand with a plate» (GM, no. 836, 08.22.26);


«... curious catechisms of geography with a world map... » (GM, no. 652, 04.01.26);


and the «... New Testament and the Bible, or the old and new Testament» (GM, no. 385, 01.28.25).



In this assortment of offers, then, mediating the distances of technological production of the book, lies an essence of reading modernity that currently dominates with impetus: fragmentation of thematic access topics and plural and multidisciplinary readings. Today we would say that Marcet was a kind of almost advanced of postmodernism, in terms of the market desires, both multiple and choral, of his offerings. We could affirm that any resemblance to reality is a mere coincidence.


But Marcet's greatest contribution to the book world of the time was the extraordinary list – almost a hundred titles – that appeared in May 1826. It is the most important list of books that any bookstore has published during the period studied. All the subjects of human knowledge are represented there: literature, geography, history, philosophy, religion, law, physics, medical sciences, arts and crafts, etc. The list of titles, in itself, as we have already commented, is a significant summary of the reading habits of the inhabitants of Buenos Aires, and it is also necessary to pay attention to their strong imprint of encyclopedic knowledge. Below, we reproduce the first works of this notable list:


«In the bookstores of D. Jayme Marcet, known by the name of the late Osandavaras, the following Works are for sale:


Life of Cicero by Azara,

Reformed February,

Elementary Treatise of Physics,

Barruel History of Jacobism

Ultramarine Establishments

Feyjoo Critical Theater

Medicine Dictionary

Reasons or Causes of the French Revolution

Rowley, Medicine

Education Library

Garcia of Mathematics

The Araucana

Ward, Economic Projects» (GM, no. 763, 05/20/26).



Another theme that deserves a special mention is one of his latest advertisements where works with a military theme predominate. Although linked to advertisements grouped by specialty that we already mentioned, it is important to highlight it separately, since it becomes a consequence of the rise of this subject in our area, but also in the Old and New Continent, which had been awakened by the Napoleonic Wars:


«Fashion artillery in three volumes and one of sheets.

Collection of artillery exercises and maneuvers.

Treaty of fortification, by Le-Blond.

Attack ID, by ID

Defense ID by ID

Military ordinances for engineers.

Modern artillery ordinances.

A handwritten treatise of id.

Lightning rod instruction [sic]

Lucuse: fortification

Lucuse: military measures» [...] (GM, no. 972, 06.02.27).


This versatile bookseller would not miss an area with an extraordinary presence in the 19th century: the periodical press. It stood out especially for the sale of newspapers, since 12 titles circulated in its premises. They are:


The oriental echo, The newly converted Protestant, The patriot, The citizen, The truth without detours, Clear truths against dark muddles, The Argentine, The pilot, The Mercantile Gazette, The duende of Buenos, The lightning bolt, and The tribune.


In April 1826 he offered to the public several collections of the newspaper titled El Ciudadano, in the following terms: «In Marcet's store there are collections of El Ciudadano for sale, from No. 1 to 12 at the moderate price of 2 pesos 2 real each” (GM, no. 754, 04/28/26).


Through Marcet's bookstores, a series of printed materials were also distributed – many of them were national ones published in a few sheets and which are of important value. Among them the following stand out:


«Life of Sucre. It will be on sale... at 5 pm today, its price 2 1/2 reales» (GM, no. 505, 04.07.25);


«...a few copies of a work entitled Observations on federative systems in general. It consists of 6 sheets and is sold for 4 reales» (GM, no. 791, 07/27/26);


«Detail[e] of the great day of Sarandí» (GM, no. 593, 10.22.25);


«The compendium of the campaigns of the army of the Andes» (GM, no. 629, 6.12.25);


«Picture of the persecutions, which he has experienced, the Founder, and the Author of CURATIVE MEDICINE» [Louis Leroy] (GM, no. 420, 03.14.25);


«The critical examination of the speeches on a Constitution considered as part of the civil... Important book by Dean Gregario Funes» (GM, no. 700, 03.03.26);


«Speeches, delivered by Mr. Cavia on freedom of religion» (GM, no. 596, 10.25.25);


«The speech given in the city of Charcas, on the first anniversary of the memorable victory of Ayacucho, by the Vicar General of the Liberation Army, Dr. Pedro Antonio Torres» (GM, no. 679, 07.02.26); etc.



Other activities of Jaime Marcet related to the world of print were book subscriptions and raffles. As we have pointed out, Marcet had already implemented a scenario of reading and lending books through a subscription bonus when he was a clerk at the Osandavaras bookstore. On this occasion, being already the owner, he organized an interesting subscription "to the publication of the response of the Marquis of Grimaldi, Spanish minister, to the report that in 1776 the Portuguese Don Feranco Ignacio de Sousa Coutiño passed on to him, on limits in the Eastern Band of the Río de la Plata, that is, the history of the continued usurpations committed therein by the Portuguese government from its discovery until that date..." (GM, no. 873, 04.10.26).


In this notice – written in English and French – subscribers are also informed that "they will obtain, over non-subscribers, the advantage of four reales less per copy." Shortly afterwards, towards the end of December of the same year, Marcet fulfilled his obligations by notifying the "subscribing gentlemen" that they could stop by his premises "to deliver said copy to them" (GM, no. 936, 12.20.26).


On more than one occasion he held the raffle for the Compendium of Universal History, by the French historian Louis Pierre Anquetil. The work, which included 17 volumes, was also illustrated "with 450 plates" and its cost was 85 pesos; To participate in it, it was read in La Gaceta Mercantil: "SSs who like to enter it will be pleased to sign up for said bookstore" (GM, no. 422, 03/16/25). On another occasion, he proceeded to raffle "The Bible in Latin and Spanish", the amount of which amounted to 76 pesos (GM, no. 477, 05/28/25).



As a curious fact and at the same time demonstrative of the bibliographic wealth of its premises, there is an advertisement in which Marcet promoted the sale of a series of scores for different instruments:


«In D. Jayme Marcet's bookstore... there is for sale... an assortment of music for piano, flute, violin, and all kinds of instruments, at very affordable prices» (GM, no. 545, 08.23.25).



Jaime Marcet also stood out in the dissemination of several almanacs, such as: Political and commerce almanac of the city of Buenos Ayres for the year 1826, by Blondel; The Spanish-Anglo almanac of Buenos Aires for the next year 1826; the Almanac of the year 1826, by B. Muñoz; and the Outsiders' Guide and Historical Statistical Almanak of America.



A dramatic ending


When Marcet sold, in May 1827, his two stores to Antonio Gómez de Castro and Joaquín Viñals (or Viñales), everything suggested that he would continue his upward climb in local commerce (GM, no. 1046, 09.05 .27).



However, his fate was different, since, on July 5, 1828, a little more than a year later, he participated, supported by Francisco Álzaga and Juan Pablo Arriaga, in the robbery and murder of the shopkeeper Francisco Álvarez. The incident became a famous criminal case that shocked Buenos Aires society due to the social notoriety of those involved. Marcet's innocence was unsustainable, since he had on his property "a ring that two days before had been put up for sale in the possession of the late Mr. Francisco Álvarez" (Agrelo, 1828: 19).


His defense was led by Pedro J. Agrelo, with the judge in the first instance, Don Bartolomé Cueto. Despite Agrelo's strenuous efforts, nothing could be done against the innumerable evidence accumulated against Marcet and his accomplices. In the end, he was sentenced jointly with Arriaga, since Álzaga was a fugitive, to the death penalty. The accused confessed their crime shortly before being shot and publicly displayed on the gallows in the current Plaza de Mayo, on September 16, 1828.


Such was the end of him being one of the most preponderant booksellers of that period [2].


Notes:

1. This contribution is based on two previous works carried out by the author (Parada, 1998 and 2023).

2. The existing information about Marcet's personality and behavior is contradictory. The prosecutor of the case -Dr. Acosta - said about him: «and Marcet who has justified in this regard. Nothing satisfactory: that his business relations have been conducted regularly for some time. But his immorality and his vices are public and notorious... »(Commercial newspaper and literary and political telegraph, Buenos, no. 19, Sept. 17, 1828).

On the other hand, in the opinion of his defense lawyer, Marcet "has justified that he has been a good son, an honest citizen, a hardworking businessman, a good friend, here and in Spain, his native country: that he has come from there honorably with recommendations , which he would not have obtained by being an evil man: that his behavior [sic] among us has not belied them: that everywhere he has created friends and protectors, who are not sorry for having been them. (Agrelo, Pedro J. Op. cit. p. 21).

A less involved critical judgment than the previous ones is the one that appeared in another newspaper of the time: “such was the tragic end of some men who, belonging to and being linked to decent and well-known families in the country, went ahead to commit a crime that should make them perish with the death of the infamous." (El Tiempo, Buenos Aires, no 112, Sept. 17, 1828).


Bibliographic references:


Agrelo, Pedro J. 1828. Defense of the prisoner Jaime Marcet, accused in the case of the murder and robbery of Don Francisco Álvarez, verified on the night of July 5 of the current year of 1828; He said it in the Exma. Chamber of Justice of this city of Buenos Ayres, his defender, Doctor Don Pedro J. Agrelo, on September 5 of the same year. Buenos Aires: Hallet Printing Office, [1828].


Blondel, J. J. M. 1826. Political and commercial almanac of the city of Buenos Ayres for the year 1826. Buenos Ayres: State Printing Office.


Buonocore, Sunday. 1974. Booksellers, editors and printers of Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires: Bowker Editores.


Canaletti, Ricardo. 2014. Surprising crimes in Argentine history. Buenos Aires: South American.


Elissalde, Roberto L. 2019. “The crime of the Ferris wheel.” In: La Gazeta Mercantil. Culture, February 8, 2019. Available at: https://www.gacetamercantil.com/notas/150313 [Consulted: February 15, 2023].


Gutiérrez, Eduardo. 1896. The murder of Álvarez. Buenos Aires: N. Tommasi, 1896. (The great crimes).


Hanon, Maxine. 2005. Dictionary of British in Buenos Aires (First period). Buenos Aires: the author.


La Gazeta Mercantil (period 1823 – 1828). Buenos Aires: Hallet Printing Office.


Laplaza, Francisco. 1950. Background of our forensic journalism. Buenos Aires: DePalma, 1950.


Marre, Diana. 2003. Argentine women: the Chinese ones. Representation, territory, gender and nation. Barcelona: Publications of the University of Barcelona.


Méndez Avellaneda, Juan M. 2003. “Buenos Aires, 1828: the ‘crime of the ferris wheel’”. In: Stories of the City. A magazine from Buenos Aires. Year IV, No. 20, pp. 6-21. Available at: https://buenosaireshistoria.org/juntas/1828-el-crimen-de-la-noria/ [Accessed February 10, 2023].


Parada, Alejandro E. 1998. The world of books and reading during the Rivadavia era. An approach through the notices of La Gaceta Mercantil (1823-1828). Buenos Aires: Library Research Institute, UBA – FFyL. (Library Science Notebooks; 17).


Parada, Alejandro E. 2023. “Jaime Marcet: a famous bookseller with a dramatic ending (1825-1828)”. Colloquium History of the Book in Argentina. (Buenos Aires, Saturday April 22 and Sunday April 23, 2023) held in the Representative Room of the Manzana de las Luces Historical Cultural Complex and organized by La Ruta del Libro. Table: “Books and bookstores in Buenos Aires.”


Saenz, Jimena. 1971. “The worst of the Álzaga”. In: Todo es historia. No. 56, pp. 80-93.


Shera, Jesse H. 1965. Foundations of the public library; the origins of the public library movement in New England, 1629-1855. Chicago: The Shoe String Press. pp. 127-128.


The British Packet: from Rivadavia to Rosas. 1, 1826-1832. Compilation, translation, notes and prologue by Graciela Lapido and Beatriz Spota de Lapieza Elli. Buenos Aires: Solar-Hachette. 1976. p. 197-198.


* Special for Hilario. Arts Letters Trades


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